Roughness assessment of colored compomers: Results after an erosive-abrasive in vitro cycling test.

Background: The present in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the surface roughness of a colored compomer and a composite resin, after 15 days of erosive-abrasive cycling. Material and Methods: The sample included ninety circular specimens, randomly divided (n = 10): G1 Berry, G2 Gold, G3 Pink, G4 Lemon, G5 Blue, G6 Silver, G7 Orange and G8 Green, referring to the different colors of compomer (Twinky Star®, VOCO, Germany) and G9 for composite resin (Z250®, 3M ESPE). The specimens were submerged in artificial saliva and stored at 37°C for 24 hours. After polishing and finishing, the specimens were submitted to initial roughness (R1). Then, the specimens were submerged in an acidic cola-based drink for 1 minute and then exposed to electric toothbrushing for 2 minutes for 15 days. After this period, the final roughness (R2) and the ΔRa were performed. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test for intergroup comparison and paired T-test for intragroup comparison (p<0.05). Results: Among compomers, the green color presented the higher/lower initial and final roughness values (0.94 ± 0.44, 1.35 ± 0.55) with lemon color presenting the most prominent real roughness increase (ΔRa = 0,74) whereas composite resin showed the lower values (0,17 ± 0.06, 0,31 ± 0.15; ΔRa = 0,14). Conclusions: All compomers, after the erosive-abrasive challenge, presented an increase in roughness values when compared to composite resin with a highlight to green tones. Key words:Compomers, composite resins, surface properties.

Qualidade de preenchimento de prontuários clínicos por estudantes de uma Faculdade de Odontologia brasileira / Calidad del llenado de fichas clínicas por estudiantes de una Facultad de Odontología brasileña / Quality in filling out clinical records by students of a Brazilian Dentistry school

O prontuário odontológico é um documento médico-legal importante para o registro adequado dos serviços prestados pelo profissional, sendo fundamental para o melhor acompanhamento longitudinal da saúde bucal. A competência para seu adequado preenchimento deve ser desenvolvida pelos alunos desde o início de sua atuação clínica, no ambiente de ensino. Este estudo avaliou a qualidade de preenchimento de prontuários odontológicos por alunos em diferentes níveis de formação, nas atividades clínicas de Odontopediatria, da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados através dos prontuários de pacientes atendidos entre o segundo semestre de 2013 e o segundo semestre de 2019. A qualidade de preenchimento foi analisada descritivamente, categorizando as seções do prontuário como totalmente, parcialmente ou não preenchidas. Posteriormente, uma análise bivariada avaliou a qualidade de preenchimento por alunos do 3º e 6º períodos (p< 0,05). Dos 296 prontuários analisados, nenhum apresentou o preenchimento adequado de todas as seções. As principais falhas observadas foram: dados incompletos no termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (75%), no índice de sangramento gengival (72,9%) e no diagnóstico da condição bucal (68,6%). Adicionalmente, 51% dos prontuários tinham os dados da identificação dos pacientes parcialmente preenchidos. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na qualidade de preenchimento dos prontuários entre alunos do 3º e 6º períodos. Os presentes resultados evidenciam falhas no preenchimento dos prontuários odontológicos, que se mantiveram ao longo da formação dos alunos. Sendo assim, ressaltam a necessidade de estratégias de sensibilização dos corpos discente e docente, objetivando a manutenção adequada destes registros, por sua relevância ética, legal e científica (AU).

La ficha odontológica es un documento médico-legal importante para el adecuado registro de los servicios prestados por el profesional y es fundamental para el mejor seguimiento longitudinal de la salud oral. La competencia para llenarla adecuadamente debe ser desarrollada por los estudiantes desde el inicio de su práctica clínica, en el ámbito docente. Este estudio evaluó la calidad del llenado de fichas odontológicas por estudiantes de diferentes niveles de formación en prácticas clínicas de Odontología Pediátrica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los datos se recolectaron a través de fichas clínicas de pacientes atendidos entre el segundo semestre de 2013 y el segundo semestre de 2019. La calidad del llenado se analizó de forma descriptiva, categorizando las secciones de la ficha clínica como completas, parciales o no llenadas. Posteriormente, un análisis bivariado evaluó la calidad del llenado por estudiantes del 3.º y del 6.º período (p< 0,05). De las296 fichas clínicas analizadas, ninguna presentó un llenado adecuado de todas las secciones. Las principales fallas observadas fueron: datos incompletos en el consentimiento informado (75 %), en el índice de sangrado gingival (72,9 %) y en el diagnóstico de la afección bucal (68,6 %). Además, el 51 % de las fichas tenían datos de identificación de los pacientes parcialmente llenados. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la calidad del llenado de fichas entre los estudiantes del 3.º y 6.º período. Los presentes resultados resaltan fallas en el llenado de fichas odontológicas que continuaron durante toda la formación de los estudiantes. Por lo tanto, se enfatiza la necesidad de estrategias de sensibilización de estudiantes y docentes, visando el adecuado mantenimiento de estos registros, debido a su relevancia ética, jurídica y científica (AU).

The dental record is an important medical and legal document for the proper registration of the services provided by the dental professional and it is essential for better longitudinal monitoring of the patients' oral health condition. The skills necessaryfor its adequate completion should be developed by students from the start of their clinical practice in professional training centers. This study evaluated the quality of filling out dental clinical records by students from different stages of clinical practice at the Pediatric Dentistry clinic, Dentistry School from UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais) in Brazil. Data were collected through dental records of patients assisted between the second semester of 2013 and the second semester of 2019. The registration quality was analyzed descriptively and characterized as fully, partially,or not filled out. Then, a bivariate analysis assessed the completion quality by students from third and sixth semesters (p< 0.05). Of the 296 dental records analyzed, none showed adequate completion of all sections. The main failures observed were incomplete data in the free and informed consent form (75%), in the gingival bleeding index (72.9%) and in the oral condition diagnosis (68.6%). Additionally, patient identification was incomplete in 51% of the dental records. There was no statistically significant difference when comparing students from thirdand sixthsemesters. These results highlight failures in filling out dental records, which continued throughout the students' formation. Therefore, they emphasize the need for awareness-raising strategies among students and teachers, aiming at the adequate maintenance of these records due to their ethical, legal, and scientific relevance (AU).

Effects of different toothpaste formulations on erosive tooth wear prevention: systematic review / Efeitos de diferentes dentifrícios na prevenção do desgaste dentário erosivo: revisão sistemática de literatura

Objective: erosive tooth wear is a multifactorial condition that results in loss of dental hard tissue, caused by a chemical and mechanical process. This paper aims to carry out a systematic review presenting the effects of different toothpaste formulations on the loss of dental enamel surface in vitro. Material and Methods: the searches were performed in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS and Scielo. Articles published from 2010 to 2020 were filtered, without language restriction. Articles that included abrasion and erosion protocols were searched, as they were more similar to clinical reality, since toothpaste is applied through tooth brushing. The searches with descriptors and free terms on the topic resulted in 992 articles, however only 12 were within the search criteria. Results: the selected studies appointed that association of conventional fluorides (NaF) with metallic fluorides can be a promising strategy for the reduction of surface loss by erosive tooth wear. Toothpastes containing sodium fluoride, as well as tin without chitosan, showed a reduction in surface loss, considered sufficient for individuals with medium exposure to acids. In children's toothpastes, the one containing sodium fluoride showed a reduction in surface loss when compared to non-fluoride dentifrices. Conclusion: different protocols may result in less or greater loss of enamel surface, and methodological differences should be considered. To clarify the effects of dentifrices on erosive tooth wear, other properties of dentifrices should be investigated. (AU)

Objetivo: o desgaste erosivo é uma condição multifatorial que resulta em perda de tecido duro dentário, causado por um processo químico e mecânico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura apresentando os efeitos de diferentes formulações de dentifrícios na perda de superfície de esmalte dentário in vitro. Material e Métodos: a busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS e Scielo. Foram filtrados artigos publicados no intervalo de 2010 a 2020, sem restrição de idioma. Buscou-se artigos que incluíssem protocolos de abrasão e erosão, por mais se assemelhar a realidade clínica, uma vez que o dentifrício é aplicado através da escovação dentária. A busca com descritores e termos livres sobre o tema encontrou 992 artigos, entretanto somente 12 estavam dentro dos critérios da pesquisa. Resultados: os estudos selecionados apontaram que associação dos fluoretos convencionais (NaF) com os metálicos pode ser uma estratégia promissora para a redução de perda de superfície pelo desgaste dentário erosivo. Dentifrícios contendo fluoreto de sódio, assim como estanho sem quitosana, apresentaram redução na perda de superfície, sendo considerada suficiente para indivíduos com exposição média aos ácidos. Em dentifrícios infantis, aquele que continha fluoreto de sódio apresentou uma redução de perda de superfície quando comparado com dentifrícios sem fluoreto. Conclusão:diferentes protocolos podem resultar em menor ou maior perda de superfície de esmalte e as diferenças (AU)

Association between Level of Parental Oral Health Literacy and the Rational Use of Fluoride for Children from 0 to 4 Years of Age after Instruction: An Intervention Trial.

An inadequate level of oral health literacy (OHL) can hinder the understanding of dental information, which can have a negative impact on health promotion actions, such as the rational use of fluoride. The aims of the present study were (1) to look for association between parents/guardians' OHL and the amount of fluoride toothpaste used for children from zero to four years of age; (2) to compare the effect of different modes of educational interventions on the amount of fluoride toothpaste used for children from zero to four years of age; and (3) to assess the ability of parents/guardians to choose a toothpaste with adequate fluoride concentration, after the educational intervention. A randomized intervention study was conducted with parents/guardians of children from zero to four years of age (n = 145). The participants answered the Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire and a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics. The participants were allocated to four intervention groups based on type of counseling (written, oral, written + photograph, and oral + photograph), with randomization stratified by level of OHL. The participants were instructed to place the adequate amount of toothpaste on a toothbrush for children from zero to four years of age (smear of 0.125 mg) before and after the intervention. The correct choice of toothpaste was also evaluated by the interpretation of the labels of four toothpastes of different brands and with different concentrations of fluoride. Associations between variables were tested using the Student's t test and one-way ANOVA. Level of OHL was associated with the amount of fluoride toothpaste deposited prior to the educational intervention (p = 0.021) and the percentage of approximation to the appropriate amount of fluoride toothpaste (p < 0.05). The choice of toothpaste was associated with schooling (p = 0.031). In conclusion, parents/guardians with adequate OHL better quantified fluoride toothpaste before and after the educational intervention and also came closer to the appropriate amount of toothpaste after the educational intervention. No significant differences in the final amount of toothpaste placed on the toothbrush were found among the intervention groups. The choice of the correct toothpaste was associated with a higher level of schooling.

The Impact of Dental Pain due to Caries in the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Children.

Purpose: To determine the extent to which history of dental pain explains the impact of dental caries on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among pre-schoolers.
Methods: A population-based study was conducted with a random sample of 769 five-year-old children. Preschoolers self-completed the Brazilian version of the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five-Year-Old Children (SOHO-5), and caregivers completed a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics. Children had a dental/oral examination done by dentists. The effect of cavitated caries lesions on OHRQoL explained by pain was estimated by the percentage variation of the prevalence ratio (PR) for the impact of cavitated lesions on OHRQoL (PRc), and this measure was adjusted by dental pain (PRct). PR was determined through multiple Poisson regression (P <0.05).
Results: The prevalence of cavitated lesions was 58.8 percent; among this cohort, 23.8 percent reported dental pain. The PRc was 1.063 and PRct was 1.039. Thirty-eight percent of the impact of dental caries on OHRQoL was due to dental pain.
Conclusion: History of dental pain explains 38 percent of the impact of dental caries on the OHRQoL of preschoolers.

Erosive Tooth Wear and Erosive Esophagitis in Children: An Observational Study in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to establish and compare the prevalence and severity of erosive tooth wear (ETW) in children with and without erosive esophagitis. Children aged 5-12 years, scheduled for upper digestive endoscopy at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Service of the Children's Hospital Santo Antonio, Porto Alegre, Brazil, were eligible to participate in this study. Patients who presented erosive esophagitis at endoscopy were defined as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) carriers, and the severity was described according to the Los Angeles classification. The oral cavity examination was performed by a trained and calibrated dentist and ETW was classified using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. Parents/guardians answered a questionnaire about the patients' diets and frequency of consumption of acidic foods and beverages. A total of 110 children were included in the study. Erosive esophagitis was observed in 24 patients (21.8%) and all of them (100%) presented ETW, showing a statistically significant association between these 2 conditions (p < 0.05). Among children who did not present with erosive esophagitis (n = 86), 54 (64.3%) had an ETW risk level of none according to their BEWE scores (0-2). The results of this study showed a statistically significant association between erosive esophagitis and ETW, thus it can be concluded that it is important to recognize groups at risk of ETW and act together with medical professionals to ensure adequate oral health for these patients.

Amelogenesis imperfecta: use of cyanoacrylate as a desensitizing agent and its impact on oral health-related quality of life.

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a rare hereditary condition characterized by abnormal enamel formation and increased tooth sensitivity. There are no defined therapeutic recommendations for tooth sensitivity in patients with AI. The aim of the present case report of a 5-year-old girl with AI is to describe the use of cyanoacrylate as a desensitizing agent on the patient's permanent molars and report the impact of this treatment on her oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). After 4 sodium fluoride varnish applications were unsuccessful in relieving sensitivity affecting the molars, cyanoacrylate was applied 5 times (at intervals of 7, 15, 30, and 180 days after the first application). Pain scores were recorded on a visual analog scale before and after each intervention, and the OHRQoL was measured using a questionnaire (Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale [ECOHIS]) administered prior to the first cyanoacrylate application and on the last day of the protocol. In this patient, cyanoacrylate seemed to be effective at decreasing tooth sensitivity in immature permanent molars affected by AI, as demonstrated by reductions in the frequency of complaints of dental pain, difficulty in drinking cold beverages, and difficulty in eating some foods.

Microshear Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems on Eroded Primary Enamel and Dentin.

Purpose: Erosive tooth wear often leads to surface loss requiring restoration of primary teeth with adhesive materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of different adhesive systems to sound and eroded primary enamel and dentin surfaces. Methods: Half of the samples underwent erosion (immersion in Coca-Cola for one minute five times over five days) and abrasion cycles (brushing with an electric toothbrush, fluoride toothpaste slurry, for one minute at 250 g load). Samples were divided into adhesive groups (n equals 12): Adper Single Bond 2 (etch-and-rinse); Single Bond Universal (self-etch); Optibond FL (etch-and-rinse with fluoride); and Bond-Force (self-etch with fluoride). Resin composite was bonded on sample surfaces and subjected to µSBS test. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance, Tukey test, and chi-square test (P<0.05). The failure mode was determined using a stereomicroscope under 20X magnification. Results: No difference was found between the eroded and sound enamel and dentin (P≥ 0.05) on µSBS test. The failure mode evaluation showed significant differences between sound and eroded dentin (P=0.003) but no difference among the adhesives (P=0.177). Conclusions: Micro-shear bond strength in primary enamel and dentin was not affected by erosion/abrasion or type of adhesive system.

Do Parents' Oral Health Literacy Levels Influence Their Response to Interventions to Improve Their Knowledge of Traumatic Dental Injuries?

Abstract Objective: To measure the influence of oral health literacy (OHL) level in the improvement of knowledge about traumatic dental injuries (TDI) after an educational intervention. Material and Methods: A total of 257 parents of children aged 0-12 years had their OHL level evaluated (BREALD-30). A leaflet with information about how to respond to TDI Emergency was developed and delivered to the parents. A questionnaire about attitudes towards TDI was administered before (TDIQ1) and after (TDIQ2) parents read the educational leaflet. The hypotheses were evaluated by non-parametric tests, correlation analysis and logistic regression. Results: The mean OHL score was 21.6. The means of correct answers in TDIQ1 were 5.5 and 5.9 (p = 0.066) and in TDIQ2 were 6.6 and 7.7 (p=0.003) between the groups with inadequate and marginal/adequate OHL, respectively. In the logistic regression, the total score of BREALD-30 and the maximum number of correct answers in TDIQ2 maintained statistical association when adjusted for schooling, gender, age of the parents, family income and the number of correct answers in the first application of the questionnaire. Conclusion: The level of OHL influenced the improvement of parents' knowledge about emergency care in cases of TDI in children from an educational intervention using a leaflet, and this intervention was more effective for parents with adequate OHL.

Efficacy of toothpastes in the prevention of erosive tooth wear in permanent and deciduous teeth.

AIM: To evaluate the erosive preventive effect of toothpastes in permanent (PT) and deciduous teeth (dt). DESIGN: Enamel samples were divided into five groups (n = 20): G1: placebo toothpaste; G2: NaF toothpaste; G3: AmF-NaF-SnCl2 anti-erosion toothpaste; G4: SnF2-toothpaste; and G5: NaF anti-erosion toothpaste for children. The samples were exposed to five erosion-abrasion cycles (artificial saliva incubation; 3 min in 1% citric acid; 2 min in slurry, toothbrush abrasion, 50 strokes, 200 g). Surface microhardness (SMH), surface specular reflection intensity (SRI), and cumulative surface loss (CSL) were measured. Comparisons among toothpastes were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis tests and comparisons between PT and dt were evaluated using Wilcoxon's rank sum test. RESULTS: G1 exhibited significantly lower SMH values in PT than the other toothpastes (p < 0.05), with no significant differences among the others groups. In dt, G1 and G4 exhibited significantly different values than the other groups (p < 0.05). G4 exhibited lower values of SRI in both types of teeth. Deciduous teeth presented significantly higher SRI than PT (p < 0.05), except for G3. Deciduous teeth generally presented higher CSL than PT, except for G3. CONCLUSIONS: Deciduous teeth were more prone to mineral loss than permanent teeth. G5 exhibited better efficacy for both teeth, while G3 exhibited a better preventive effect only for deciduous teeth. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Erosive tooth wear prevalence in children is growing and deciduous teeth are more susceptible than permanent teeth. Considering this, it is important to know the preventive effect of different toothpastes in an initial erosion-abrasion model.

Erosive tooth wear-why clinicians should be aware of this condition

Introduction: Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is defined as a chemical-mechanical process leading to the cumulative loss of hard dental tissue without the involvement of bacteria. Objective: to give to clinicians an overview about most important ETW topics. Data source: main scientific data base (PubMed, Lilacs) in the last 10 years, with the keywords: dental erosion, diagnosis and prevention. Classical articles were selected for the realization of an integrative literature review. Data synthesis : the prevalence of ETW has been reported to range from 10% to 80% in children and 4% to 82% in adults. The management of ETW should include early diagnosis, the evaluation of different etiological factors, risk identification and the proposal of preventive measures to avoid the progression of the condition. These measures include fluoride exposure, use of low abrasive toothpastes, clinical monitoring, and in more severe cases sealant application and restorations. Patients suffering from eating disorders with purging behaviour and gastroesophageal reflux disease are considered the most important risk groups. Conclusion : Clinicians should be aware of this condition with growing prevalence, once substance loss is an irreversible condition, providing prompt preventive measures during the early stages that are essential to reduce ETW.

Introdução: O Desgaste Dentário Erosivo é definido como um processo químico- mecânico que leva a uma perda cumulativa de tecido dentário duro, sem que ocorra o envolvimento de bactérias. Objetivo : atualizar os cirurgiões-dentistas sobre os principais tópicos a respeito do Desgaste Dentário Erosivo. Fonte de dados: principais bases científicas (PubMed, Lilacs) nos últimos 10 anos, com as palavras-chave: erosão dentária, diagnóstico e prevenção. Foram selecionados os artigos clássicos sobre o tema para a realização da revisão integrativa de literatura. Síntese de dados : A prevalência de Desgaste Dentário Erosivo tem sido reportada na literatura em porcentagens que variam de 10% a 80% em crianças e de 4% a 82% em adultos. A abordagem clínica do Desgaste Dentário Erosivo deve incluir um diagnóstico precoce, a avaliação dos diferentes fatores etiológicos, a identificação do risco e a proposta de medidas preventivas para retardar a progressão dessa condição. Essas medidas incluem a aplicação de fluoretos, o uso de dentifrícios com baixa abrasividade, monitoramento clínico e, em casos mais graves, a aplicação de selantes e procedimentos restauradores. Pacientes diagnosticados com transtornos alimentares ou com refluxo gastroesofágico são considerados um dos grupos de risco mais importantes para o desenvolvimento dessa condição. Conclusão: Os clínicos devem estar atentos a essa condição de prevalência crescente, uma vez que a perda de estrutura dentária é irreversível, promovendo medidas preventivas eficazes, desde os estágios iniciais, contribuindo assim para o controle e redução do Desgaste Dentário Erosivo entre seus pacientes.

Do fluoride toothpastes have similar preventive effect in permanent and primary teeth against erosive tooth wear?

BACKGROUND: Little is known about fluoride toothpastes effect on primary teeth submitted to erosive tooth wear. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the preventive effect of different toothpastes on surface loss (SL) after severe erosion/abrasion model and to compare this effect between permanent (PT) and primary teeth (pt). DESIGN: Enamel samples were randomly divided according toothpastes groups (n = 17). G1: placebo; G2: NaF; G3: AmF-NaF-SnCl2 anti-erosion; G4: SnF2 ; and G5: NaF anti-erosion for children. Samples were incubated in artificial saliva (1 hour), submitted to erosive challenge (3 minutes; 1% citric acid; pH3.6; at 25°C) and to toothbrush abrasion (2 minutes slurry immersion; 50 strokes; 200 g) during 30 cycles. Surface loss (µm; mean ± SD) was quantified by contactless profilometry. The effects of the two covariables "tooth" and "toothpaste" were analysed by non-parametric ANOVA, variables with significant effects were tested by Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: pt showed significantly higher surface loss than PT in all groups (P < 0.001). The mean values of SL of each group were: G1 PT 18.18(±3.98), pt 25.65(±9.21); G2 PT 14.76(±2.82), pt 18.11(±3.92); G3 PT 12.62(±5.29), pt 15.61(±6.70); G4 PT 17.12(±2.24), pt 23.41(±7.9); G5 PT 13.24(±1.29), pt 18.28(±8.96). CONCLUSIONS: In permanent teeth, G3 showed the best preventive effect. In primary teeth, G1, G3, and G5 showed similar effect.

Effect of erosive challenges on deciduous teeth undergoing restorative procedures with different adhesive protocols - an in vitro study.

To evaluate the effect of erosive challenges on the tooth- restoration interface of deciduous teeth treated with different adhesive protocols. Deciduous molars were cut mesiodistally, then embedded, abraded and polished (n=80). Samples were randomly divided according to the adhesive system used into: G1 (Adper Single Bond2®, etch-and-rinse), G2 (Universal Single Bond®, self-etching), G3 (OptibondFL®, etch-and-rinse with Fluoride) and G4 (BondForce®, self-etching with Fluoride). After standardized cavity preparation (2 mm diameter x 2 mm depth), adhesive systems were applied and samples were restored (composite resin Z350®). Half of the samples were exposed to erosive/abrasive cycles (n = 10, each adhesive group), and the other half (control group; n = 10) remained immersed in artificial saliva. For microleakage analysis, samples were submersed in methylene blue and analyzed at 40x magnifications. Cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) was carried out (50 g/5 s) at 25 µm, 50 µm, and 100 µm from the eroded surface and at 25 µm, 75 µm, and 125 µm from the enamel bond interface. Regarding microleakage, 7.5% of the samples showed no dye infiltration, 30% showed dye infiltration only at the enamel interface, and 62.5% showed dye infiltration through the dentin-enamel junction, with no difference between groups (p≥0.05). No significant difference was observed in CSMH at different depths (two-way ANOVA, p≥0.05). We did not observe significant changes in microleakage or CSMH after erosive/abrasive challenges in deciduous teeth treated with different adhesive protocols (etch-and-rinse and self-etching adhesives, with and without fluoride).

Effect of erosive challenges on deciduous teeth undergoing restorative procedures with different adhesive protocols - an in vitro study

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of erosive challenges on the tooth- restoration interface of deciduous teeth treated with different adhesive protocols. Material and Methods: Deciduous molars were cut mesiodistally, then embedded, abraded and polished (n=80). Samples were randomly divided according to the adhesive system used into: G1 (Adper Single Bond2®, etch-and-rinse), G2 (Universal Single Bond®, self-etching), G3 (OptibondFL®, etch-and-rinse with Fluoride) and G4 (BondForce®, self-etching with Fluoride). After standardized cavity preparation (2 mm diameter x 2 mm depth), adhesive systems were applied and samples were restored (composite resin Z350®). Half of the samples were exposed to erosive/abrasive cycles (n = 10, each adhesive group), and the other half (control group; n = 10) remained immersed in artificial saliva. For microleakage analysis, samples were submersed in methylene blue and analyzed at 40x magnifications. Cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) was carried out (50 g/5 s) at 25 μm, 50 μm, and 100 μm from the eroded surface and at 25 μm, 75 μm, and 125 μm from the enamel bond interface. Results: Regarding microleakage, 7.5% of the samples showed no dye infiltration, 30% showed dye infiltration only at the enamel interface, and 62.5% showed dye infiltration through the dentin-enamel junction, with no difference between groups (p≥0.05). No significant difference was observed in CSMH at different depths (two-way ANOVA, p≥0.05). Conclusions: We did not observe significant changes in microleakage or CSMH after erosive/abrasive challenges in deciduous teeth treated with different adhesive protocols (etch-and-rinse and self-etching adhesives, with and without fluoride).

In vitro evaluation of modified surface microhardness measurement, focus variation 3D microscopy and contact stylus profilometry to assess enamel surface loss after erosive-abrasive challenges.

The aim of the study was to compare surface loss values after erosion-abrasion cycles obtained with modified surface microhardness measurement (mSMH), focus variation 3D microscopy (FVM) and contact stylus profilometry (CSP). We cut human molars into buccal and lingual halves, embedded them in resin and ground 200 µm of enamel away. The resulting surfaces were polished. To maintain a reference area, we applied Block-Out resin to partly cover the enamel surface. The samples were incubated in artificial saliva (37°C; 1 h), then rinsed in deionized water (10 s) and dried with oil-free air (5 s). We immersed the specimens individually in 30 mL citric acid (1%, pH 3.6) for 2 min (25°C, 70 rpm dynamic conditions) before brushing them (50 strokes, 200 g) in an automatic brushing machine with toothpaste-slurry. We calculated the surface loss as per mSMH, by re-measuring the length of the same six indentations made before the abrasive challenge. The experiment consisted of five experimental groups that received between 2 and 10 erosion-abrasion cycles. Each group contained 15 specimens and samples in groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 underwent a total of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 cycles, respectively. The resin was removed from the reference area in one piece under 10× magnification and the FVM and CSP were performed. Agreement between the methods was calculated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and depicted in Bland-Altman plots. All methods presented a linear pattern of surface loss measurements throughout the experiment, leading overall to a strong, statistically significant correlation between the methods (ICC = 0.85; p<0.001). So, despite the different surface loss values, all methods presented consistent results for surface loss measurement.

In vitro validation of a hand-held optical reflectometer to measure clinically observed erosive tooth wear.

In this study, we analyzed a newly developed optical reflectometer for measuring erosive tooth wear (ETW) in vitro. Three examiners independently assessed the labial surface of 80 deciduous canines and 75 permanent incisors. One examiner performed visual examinations (BEWE), and the other two used the optical pen-size reflectometer to measure surface reflection intensity (SRI) on the same labial surfaces. The examinations were made in duplicate with at least 1 week interval. Intra- and inter-rater agreements were calculated using weighted kappa analysis for BEWE, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) as well as Bland-Altman plots for SRI. The teeth were separated into without (BEWE 0) or with (BEWE 1-3) ETW, and SRI cut-off points were calculated. Intra-rater agreement for the visual examination was 0.46 and 0.82 for deciduous and permanent teeth, respectively. Inter-rater and intra-rater agreement for SRI were good (ICC > 0.7; p < 0.001). SRI measurements produced high specificity values for deciduous and permanent teeth (≥0.74 and ≥ 0.84, respectively), and lower sensitivity values (≥0.37 and ≥ 0.64, respectively), but permanent teeth had generally higher SRI values (p < 0.05). We observed a significant association between BEWE and SRI (p < 0.05). The optical pen-size reflectometer was able to adequately differentiate ETW on permanent teeth, with highly reliable and reproducible measurements, but ETW on deciduous teeth was less accurately differentiated. The reflectometer is a good candidate for clinical research.

Effect of an erosive challenge on the enamel-composite resin interface in primary teeth: an in vitro study

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether different adhesive systems (etch-and-rinse or self-etch) render enamel-composite resin interface in primary teeth more susceptible to erosive challenge. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty enamel specimens from caries-free primary incisors were selected and cavities were prepared for restoration. According to adhesive protocols, specimens were divided into groups: G1 (Adper Single Bond 2), G2 (Adper SE Plus), and G3 (35% phosphoric acid + Adper SE Plus). After restorative procedures, half of the surface of enamel and restorative material was protected with nail varnish, thus, only half of the sample was subjected to the erosive challenge (immersion in Coca-Cola®, 3 cycles of 5 minutes, for 5 days). Samples were analysed quantitatively through Knoop microhardness, the indentations were made on enamel-composite interface. Data were submitted to statistical analysis (Student's t test, two-way ANOVA, p<0.05). RESULTS: It showed that different adhesive systems did not significantly affect the percentage of superficial microhardness change after an erosive challenge (p=0.387). However, although no significant difference was observed, G2 (self-etch system) showed the lowest percentage of superficial microhardness change. CONCLUSION: The use of different adhesive systems did not influence superficial microhardness of enamel-composite interface after an erosive challenge. The incomplete removal of the smear layer, though self-etch systems, suggests a greater ability to withstand the erosive challenge on the enamel-resin interface.

Hipomineralização de molar-incisivo [HMI): relato de caso e acompanhamento de tratamento restaurador / Molar incisor hypomineratization (MIH): case report and restorative tratment follow-up

Introdução: Hipomineralização molar incisivo (HMI) é a displasia do esmalte dos dentes que afeta um ou mais primeiros molares permanentes frequentemente associados aos incisivos permanentes. Pacientes com essa alteração apresentam vários problemas clínicos, que podem incluir um desgaste dentário acentuado, perda do esmalte, aumento da suscetibilidade à cárie e sensibilidade dentária. O tratamento da hipomineralização molar-incisivo dependerá da gravidade do dente afetado, abrangendo desde medidas preventivas até procedimentos restauradores complexos. Objetivos: Relatar um caso de um paciente infantil, 7 anos, gênero feminino, diagnosticada com HMI. Além, disso, descrever a abordagem terapêutica, tratamento restaurador e acompanhamento de 28 meses. Conclusão: Pacientes com hipomineralização molar-incisivo necessitam de acompanhamento longitudinal para prevenir perda de estrutura dentária e manutenção do tratamento restaurador.

Introduction: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is defined as the enamel dysplasia that affects one or more first permanent molars and frequently permanent incisors. These patients have several oral health problems that may include increased tooth wear, loss of enamel, higher susceptibility to dental caries and tooth sensitivity. The treatment of molar incisor hypomine-ralization depends on the severity of the affected teeth, including preventive measures as well as extensive restorative procedures. Objectives: To present a case report of a patient, female, diagnosed at 7 years old with MIH and to describe restorative procedures with a 28-months follow-up period. Conclusion: MIH Patients require longitudinal follow-up to prevent loss of tooth structure and maintenance of restorative treatment.